The overthrow of the Arbenz regime led to Civil War in Guatemala, a war that lasted 36 years and created more than 100,000 casualties, over 40,000 disappeared, and 1,000,000 refugees. The US’s belief that the Soviets were using the democratically elected government of Guatemala as a communist beachhead into the Americas especially when Jacobo Arbenz’s regime implemented rapid land reform from January 1953 to June 1954, was one of the reasons that lead to this reign of terror. America's role in overthrowing the Arbenz regime resulted in political condemnation worldwide, damaging the United State's reputation in Latin America, angering American allies and drawing criticism from the United Nations. The CIA's failed attempt at keeping the Guatemalan operation covert led to enduring American resentment throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. It directly damaged the stability of not only Guatemala but also of all Latin America. According to historian James Dunkerly, "The Guatemala intervention shaped the attitudes and stratagems of an older generation of radicals, for whom this experience signaled the necessity of armed struggle and an end to illusions about peaceful, legal, and reformist methods." In the early years of the 1960s, the guerilla movement, with several military officers of the failed 1960 uprising prominent amongst the leadership, was slowly finding its way: organizing peasant support in the countryside, attacking an army outpost to gather arms, staging a kidnapping or bank robbery to raise money, trying to avoid direct armed clashes with the Guatemalan military. Accordingly, the American counter-insurgency strategy was all aimed at destabilizing the guerrilla movements and reducing the peasants' motivation for furnishing support to them; and with the added bonus of allowing American personnel to investigate guerrilla territory under a non-military cover. However, land reform, overwhelmingly the most pressing need in rural Guatemala, was not on the agenda. In March 1963, Col. Enrique Peralta Azurdia overthrew General Ydigoras, who had been elected in 1958 for a six-year term, in a coup. It was leaked that sources within the Kennedy administration had revealed that the U.S. instigated and supported the 1963 coup." Peralta became a repressive and brutal with a first act attitude: for instance, he murdered eight political and trade union leaders, accomplished by driving over them with rock-laden trucks. Peralta, moreover, turned out to be somewhat of a nationalist who resented the excessive influences of the United States in Guatemala, particularly in his own sphere, the military. Hence, he was removed and replaced by a civilian government. In the period October 1966 to March 1968, Amnesty International estimated, somewhere between 3,000 and 8,000 Guatemalans were killed by the police, the military, right-wing "death squads" (often the police or military in civilian clothes, carrying out atrocities too bloody for the government to claim credit for), and assorted groups of civilian anti-communist vigilantes. References: Vohryzek-Bolden, M. Olson-Raymer, G. and Whamond, J. O. Domestic Terrorism and Incident Management: Issues and Tactics. Springfilled, IL: Charles C. Thomas CIA and USA Involvement in the Guatemalan Revolution http://wikibin.org/articles/cia-and-usa-involvement-in-the-guatemalan-revolution.html http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=5945 |
Terrorism From Above: USA's Role In Guatemala’s Reign of Terror
Many people ask the question, why do they (terrorists) hate USA so much? for me the answer is simple, it's the way how US achieves it objectives abroad, be it exporting democracy, globalization, etc...those actions though it might be seen noble sometimes often have unintended consequences that unites the local population against America. Case in point: America's role in Guatemala’s reign of terror from 1950s - 1960s.
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